Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate crystal

Nd: YVO4 crystal belongs to the tetragonal system, positive uniaxial crystal. Nd: YVO4 crystal has actually been commonly identified as a crucial laser product because its advancement in 1966.
Nevertheless, the scientists discovered problems in the scattering centre, absorption colour centre, and so on. It is, consequently, impossible to expand premium crystals of the size required for a flash pump.

Thankfully, it has superb absorption and gains to the wavelength of diode radiation. And the transmission section is substantial. The output laser has great polarization features. These are enough to cover the imperfections of its little growth size.

Advantages

Crylink Nd: YVO4 crystal has exceptional properties. Compared with another typically utilized Nd: YAG crystal (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal), its pump broadband is extra substantial. The absorption transmission capacity efficiency is greater. The promoted emission cross-section is more comprehensive and has exceptional development value. Nd: YVO4 crystals are utilized in conjunction with nonlinear optical crystals such as LBO crystals, BBO crystals, KTP crystals, and so on. It can understand frequency-doubling conversion and also readjust working wavelength. The all-solid-state laser made from Nd: YVO4 crystal can output near-infrared light, green light, blue light, ultraviolet light and so on.

• At concerning 808 nm pump transmission capacity, concerning the Nd: YAG 5 times
• Area at 1064 nm of the promoted exhaust of radiation is an Nd: YAG three times.
• Light damage limit is reduced, high incline effectiveness
• Uniaxial crystal axis, the outcome of linear polarization

Weaknesses

Compared to the conventional Nd: YAG crystal, Nd: YVO4 has the advantages of a much more significant absorption coefficient, greater emission sample, polarization absorption and discharge qualities, larger absorption bandwidth, as well as insensitivity to the temperature adjustment of the diode. Consequently, it is widely utilized in LD-pumped solid-state lasers.
Nevertheless, it has a large emission cross-section as well as a brief upper power lifetime. The power storage capability of Nd: YVO4 is much lower than that of Nd: YAG. Not for high energy, peak power of the Q – switched pulse output. Their benefits are limited to continual wave result, high ordinary control, as well as high conversion performance. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of Nd: YVO4 is really small, only fifty percent that of Nd: YAG. Consequently, it is not for achieving high-power continual wave result.

Applications

Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd: YVO4) crystal is a type of laser crystal with superb efficiency, which appropriates for manufacturing a laser diode pump, particularly a low-power laser. Compared with Nd: YAG, Nd: YVO4 has a higher absorption coefficient as well as larger stimulated emission cross-section.

Laser diode-pumped Nd: YVO4 crystals are combined with LBO, BBO, KTP and also various other crystals with high nonlinear coefficients. It can accomplish much better frequency-doubling conversion efficiency. It can outcome near-infrared, green, and blue ultraviolet and also solid-state lasers.

Nd: YVO4 crystals can be extensively utilized in optical interaction, industrial laser processing, laser varying, semiconductor discovery, data storage space, display, laser printing, clinical evaluation, equipment, clinical research study and also other fields.

Additionally, Nd: YVO4 diode-pumped solid-state lasers are rapidly replacing traditional water-cooled ion lasers as well as lamp-pumped lasers in the market, specifically in regards to miniaturization and also single longitudinal mode result.

In the 21st century, several downstream markets of Nd: YVO4 crystal is booming, as well as the application range of Nd: YVO4 crystal is regularly increasing with evident performance advantages.

Growth method

In the 1960s, Nd: YVO4 crystal was developed. It was extracted from sodium metavanadate melt by the air conditioning method. The size of the Nd: YVO4 crystal grown by this technique was small. Ever since, the development process of Nd: YVO4 crystal has actually been put forward, such as the Zhilar method, flame melting method, floating zone growth method, Bryman method as well as pull method. Today, the development approaches of Nd: YVO4 crystal are numerous. The drawing technique is the mainstream Nd: YVO4 crystal development process, which can expand large, premium crystals.

Pulling method

Nd: YVO4 crystal melting point is extremely high (regarding 1820 ℃), need to use gold-dependent crucible growth, gold-dependent crucible will be oxidized at high temperature, must utilize a neutral gas (hydrogen) to shield the crucible.

By doing this, growing in an anoxic environment, the melted component will decompose into low-priced vanadium oxide (part of YVO4 will certainly decompose right into YVO3), and also oxygen deficiency will take place in the crystal, causing the generation of the colour centre.

Growing in an oxygen-rich atmosphere will certainly cause extreme oxidation of the crucible. The lowered episcopes develop inclusions inside the crystal. This will lead to solid thaw volatilization, causing part discrepancy.

By using various expanding environments in various stages, the oxygen shortage in the crystal can be supplemented, the volatilization of basic materials can be prevented, the single-phase development of the crystal can be ensured, and the crystal can not be smudged or spread due to oxygen deficiency due to hypoxia.